• The estimatedcost of Prostate CancerSurgery in India is USD 4900 to USD 5500.
• The cost of treatment varies with medical condition and procedure chosen.
• Patient has to stay in the hospital for 2-3 days and 14 days outside the hospital.
• Tests required to diagnose Prostate Cancer include Digital Rectal Exam (DRE), Prostate-Specific Antigen(PSA) test, Ultrasound and MRI Fusion.

• Localized cancer –contained within the prostate
• Locally advanced cancer
• Recurrent cancer comes back after previous treatment
• Metastatic cancer – when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

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• Age– the chances of having prostate cancer increase with advancing age.
• Ethnicity- Black men more likely to get prostate cancer.
• Family history– having a first degree relative with prostate cancer increases the risk.
• Diet, obesity are also important contributing factors.

Clinically the patient presents with symptoms of:

• Urination troubles like frequent urging, difficulty in commencing urination, blood in urine
• Excess level of PSA (protein specific antigen) in blood
• Bone fractures seen in metastatic cases of cancer prostate
• There may be urinary /fecal incontinence in advanced cases

• Medical health history of the patient taken into account
• Prostate cancer is commonly detected by PSA (prostate specific antigen) test of blood
• DRE– Digital Rectal Examination and Trans rectal ultrasound also performed which aid diagnosis
• Biopsy is usually performed to confirm diagnosis
• To determine the stage of cancer, imaging studies like bone CT scan or MRI scan

• Depends on the spread of cancer in the prostate gland
• In early stages the aim of treatment is cure
• In advanced stages the aim is to expand life and relieve symptoms
• Health and age of patient

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Screening at regular intervals to closely monitor the state of patients prostate, without immediate treatment.

The main benefit of surgery is the prostate with the cancer is removed .

Prostatectomy: Usually performed for:

• Clinically Localized cancer.
• If age young and fast growing tumor.
• Herethe surgeon removes the entire prostate gland and may remove surrounding tissues, lymph nodes and the seminal vesicles.
• Taking out lymph node reduces the risk of cancer recurrence.
• It may be performed laparoscopic ally or by open approach.

• Monitoring in recovery
• Drain put for excess fluids
• Catheter put in
• Stocking and pumps to reduce the risk of clot formation
• In 7-10 days cystogram performed and catheter removed
• Within2-4 weeks return to normal activities
• Medication given to help erection

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• Infection
• Blood clots
• Damage to nearby organs
• Erectile dysfunction
• Urinary incontinence

This therapy uses high energy beams of X- rays to treat prostate cancer by damaging the cells. It is useful in cases when:

• When cancer is low grade and limited locally to the prostate
• As treatment of choice along with hormonal therapy for cancer that has grown into surrounding tissue
• For cancer that recurs
• For metatstatic advanced cancers for palliative relief

• Brachytherapy– also called seed implantation, herein small radioactive pellets are placed on prostateand they give off their radiation at low dose over several weeks or months.
• External Beam Radiation also known as EBRTin which beams are focused on prostate from outside the body.

• Bowel problems– diarrhoea, blood in stool
• Urinary symptoms– radiation cystitis, urinary incontinence
• Erection problems
• Fatigue
• Lymphedema

• Does not cure, it’s a temporary therapyand just slows the cancer growth or used as palliative therapy in metatstatic cases.
• It aims to decrease production or block action of hormone, which leads to destroyed prostate cancer cells and shrunk prostate tumor.
• Hormone therapy can be given alone or combination with other treatment.

• Orchiectomy: Surgical removal of testicles.
• Drug therapy: block signal from brain thus lower hormone, effects may be reversible.
  • LH-RH Analogue therapy- blocks the production of hormone.
  • Anti Androgen Therapy- blocks action of hormoneused before LHRH therapy to prevent androgen flare.

• Hot flushes
• Reduced sex drive
• Decreased ability to have erections
• Fatigue
• Decresed muscle strength
• Can cause bone thinning
• Can lead to dyslipidaemia

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The cost to the patient depends on a variety of factors like:

• The hospital, the patient chooses
• Room– Standard single room, deluxe room, super deluxe room for the number of nights specified (including nursing fee, meals, room rateand room service)
• Fee for the team of doctors
• Medicines
• Standard tests and diagnostic procedures
• Type of surgery performed
• Cost of Radiation /Hormone therapy
• Cost of the follow–up care required after the procedure